Landscape

Landscape refers to the layout in terms of a land area and to its visual representation, particularly as portrayed by members of the painting community.

The term landscape even in terms of the physical sense implies the visual interpretation of the configuration in terms of the land, because that is the primary way in terms of which a landscape is perceived.

A landscape comprises several principal categories in terms of elements:

• landforms
• vegetation
• human-built structural elements
• depth and breadth in terms of view

A landscape may also include:

• water bodies
• other life forms, particularly in terms of members of fauna and wildlife communities
• human presence
• human-made artistic representations
• direction of lighting

Landforms are based on a set of elements that include elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Landforms by name include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, and so forth.

The practice of designing landscapes to engage with issues around visual pleasure and other aspects in terms of function is landscape architecture. A member of the landscape architecture community is termed a landscape architect.

When the term landscape refers to a static painting, weather and sky conditions are also important elements.

The term landscape also is applied to the orientation of a rectangular page, painting or other graphic, denoting that the long axis is horizontal. When the long axis is vertical, it is termed "portrait".